{
 "title": "Common natives we do not grow: the facts on their pages",
 "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/",
 "license": {
  "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
  "short": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
 },
 "attribution": "Blue Whale Trees, https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/",
 "citation": "Blue Whale Trees. (2026, October 25). Common natives we do not grow: the facts on their pages. https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/",
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "version": "1.72.1",
 "generated": "2026-10-25T01:02:35.176Z",
 "scope": "The tables cover the trees and shrubs we grow, with a few common natives we do not grow where a page names them. That is a nursery's catalog and not a sample of any forest, so the tables say nothing about how common a species is or how forests are composed. The species table covers the 45 common natives we do not grow, from their pages, each row with its page's address.",
 "row": "one common native tree or shrub the nursery does not grow",
 "method": "Each row is read from the record its species page is drawn from, so the file and the page give the same facts. The states are the USDA PLANTS Database's records, with the native range read from Silvics of North America and NatureServe Explorer, as each page says. A dated age below the oldest age stands beside it and does not replace it, since only a tiny share of trees has ever had its age measured. The files are written from the records and checked at every release.",
 "rows_count": 45,
 "columns": [
  {
   "name": "slug",
   "means": "the species page's address word: the page is https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/ followed by the slug and a slash"
  },
  {
   "name": "name",
   "means": "the common name the page uses"
  },
  {
   "name": "botanical",
   "means": "the botanical name"
  },
  {
   "name": "page",
   "means": "the species page's full address"
  },
  {
   "name": "form",
   "means": "shrub, small-tree, medium-tree or large-tree, the page's size class"
  },
  {
   "name": "height_min_ft",
   "means": "the low end of the mature height the page gives, in feet"
  },
  {
   "name": "height_max_ft",
   "means": "the high end of the mature height, in feet"
  },
  {
   "name": "spread_ft",
   "means": "the widest mature crown of one plant the page gives, in feet"
  },
  {
   "name": "zone_min",
   "means": "the coldest hardiness zone the page gives"
  },
  {
   "name": "zone_max",
   "means": "the warmest hardiness zone the page gives"
  },
  {
   "name": "sun",
   "means": "full, part or shade, every exposure the page gives, separated by semicolons"
  },
  {
   "name": "moisture",
   "means": "dry, average or wet, every soil moisture the page gives, separated by semicolons"
  },
  {
   "name": "growth",
   "means": "slow, medium or fast, the page's growth class"
  },
  {
   "name": "leaves",
   "means": "evergreen or deciduous"
  },
  {
   "name": "bloom_first",
   "means": "the first month in flower, 1 to 12; for a conifer, which has no flowers, the first month it sheds pollen"
  },
  {
   "name": "bloom_last",
   "means": "the last month in flower or shedding pollen, 1 to 12; a number below the first means the months run past December"
  },
  {
   "name": "fruit_first",
   "means": "the first month the fruit, nuts, seed or cones ripen, 1 to 12"
  },
  {
   "name": "fruit_last",
   "means": "the last month, 1 to 12; a number below the first means the months run past December"
  },
  {
   "name": "pollen",
   "means": "true for a conifer, whose bloom months are when it sheds pollen"
  },
  {
   "name": "pollination_need",
   "means": "what a crop takes: dioecious, partner, improves or single, or unknown where no source states it. Dioecious means separate male and female plants, partner a second unrelated plant, improves one bears and a second helps, single one plant bears alone"
  },
  {
   "name": "first_crop",
   "means": "the years from planting to the first crop, as the sources give them"
  },
  {
   "name": "juglone",
   "means": "the Morton Arboretum's word on black walnut: sensitive or tolerant where one of its two lists names the species or its genus, not listed where neither does"
  },
  {
   "name": "habitats",
   "means": "the habitat codes of the ground it grows on in the wild, separated by semicolons: bottomland, swamp, streambank, mesic-slope, upland-dry, sandy, rocky, old-field, understory, mountain, coastal"
  },
  {
   "name": "traits",
   "means": "the record's trait words, such as wildlife, fall-color, edible or drought, separated by semicolons; the page says evergreen, drought, wet-tolerant and shade in its rows rather than in its Traits row"
  },
  {
   "name": "lifespan_typical_yr",
   "means": "the typical lifespan the sources give, in years, as a range where they give one"
  },
  {
   "name": "lifespan_oldest_yr",
   "means": "the oldest age the sources give, in years: the most a source says the species reaches, or an older tree on record"
  },
  {
   "name": "lifespan_dated_yr",
   "means": "the age of the oldest dated tree, by its rings or its planting record, where it is younger than the oldest age, which it stands beside and does not replace"
  },
  {
   "name": "transplanting",
   "means": "Yes, No or Moderate: the Morton Arboretum profile's own field on whether the species transplants well, where it has one"
  },
  {
   "name": "planting_season",
   "means": "when the page says to plant it: spring, fall, or any for either season"
  },
  {
   "name": "toxic_to",
   "means": "the people and animals the page names it as poisonous to, separated by semicolons; empty where no source names any, which is not the same as safe"
  },
  {
   "name": "native_states_n",
   "means": "how many states its native range takes in, as the page's Native in row counts them; the District of Columbia is not counted"
  },
  {
   "name": "native_states",
   "means": "the two-letter codes of the states of its native range, separated by spaces, as the page names them; the District of Columbia counts as DC"
  },
  {
   "name": "naturalized_states",
   "means": "the codes of the states where the USDA PLANTS Database records it growing wild beyond its native range, as the page names them"
  },
  {
   "name": "introduced_states",
   "means": "the codes of the states where PLANTS marks it introduced, as the page names them"
  }
 ],
 "rows": [
  {
   "slug": "american-cranberrybush",
   "name": "American Cranberrybush",
   "botanical": "Viburnum opulus var. americanum",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/american-cranberrybush/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 6,
   "height_max_ft": 16,
   "spread_ft": 12,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 7,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 7,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 5,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": "3 to 5 (about 5 by the University of Maine)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "swamp; mesic-slope; streambank",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; edible; wet-tolerant; shade; early-bearing; screening; salt; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": "any",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 23,
   "native_states": "CT IA ID IL IN MA ME MI MN MT ND NH NJ NY OH PA RI SD VT WA WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": "KY NE NM",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "american-sycamore",
   "name": "American Sycamore",
   "botanical": "Platanus occidentalis",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/american-sycamore/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 59,
   "height_max_ft": 121,
   "spread_ft": 100,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 5,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": "6 to 7 (open-grown trees; dense stands from about 25)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "bottomland; streambank; old-field; mesic-slope",
   "traits": "wildlife; wet-tolerant; screening; winter-interest",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 250,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 500,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 412,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 34,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MO MS NC NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "WA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "bigtooth-aspen",
   "name": "Bigtooth Aspen",
   "botanical": "Populus grandidentata",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/bigtooth-aspen/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 80,
   "spread_ft": 40,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 6,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 5,
   "fruit_last": 6,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "10 to 20 (flowering begins at about 10)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "bottomland; old-field; sandy; mesic-slope",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 60,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 150,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 113,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 24,
   "native_states": "CT DC DE IA IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MN MO NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "ND",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "black-ash",
   "name": "Black Ash",
   "botanical": "Fraxinus nigra",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/black-ash/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 30,
   "height_max_ft": 70,
   "spread_ft": 65,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "slow",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 6,
   "fruit_last": 10,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "10 to 40 (good crops at 1 to 8 year intervals)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "swamp; streambank; bottomland; mesic-slope",
   "traits": "wildlife; wet-tolerant",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 150,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 319,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 22,
   "native_states": "CT DC DE IA IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MN ND NH NJ NY OH PA RI VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "black-spruce",
   "name": "Black Spruce",
   "botanical": "Picea mariana",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/black-spruce/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 25,
   "height_max_ft": 75,
   "spread_ft": 30,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 6,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "slow",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 10,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "10 (much seed only from about 30)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "swamp; bottomland; upland-dry; mountain",
   "traits": "wildlife; evergreen; wet-tolerant; shade",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 370,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 330,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 13,
   "native_states": "AK CT MA ME MI MN NH NJ NY PA RI VT WI",
   "naturalized_states": "IL",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "black-willow",
   "name": "Black Willow",
   "botanical": "Salix nigra",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/black-willow/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 10,
   "height_max_ft": 80,
   "spread_ft": 60,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 2,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 4,
   "fruit_last": 7,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "about 10 (best from 25 to 75)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "streambank; bottomland; swamp",
   "traits": "wildlife; honey; wet-tolerant; salt; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 70,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 105,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 36,
   "native_states": "AL AR CO CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "boxelder",
   "name": "Boxelder",
   "botanical": "Acer negundo",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/boxelder/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 30,
   "height_max_ft": 75,
   "spread_ft": 50,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 10,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 3,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "8 to 11",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "bottomland; streambank; upland-dry",
   "traits": "wildlife; drought; wet-tolerant; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 75,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 100,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": "horses",
   "native_states_n": 44,
   "native_states": "AL AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK PA SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": "ME OR RI WA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "carolina-rose",
   "name": "Carolina Rose",
   "botanical": "Rosa carolina",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/carolina-rose/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 0.5,
   "height_max_ft": 6,
   "spread_ft": 10,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 2,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "old-field; upland-dry; rocky; streambank",
   "traits": "flowers; wildlife; edible; drought; wet-tolerant; screening; winter-interest",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 35,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "coralberry",
   "name": "Coralberry",
   "botanical": "Symphoricarpos orbiculatus",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/coralberry/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 2,
   "height_max_ft": 6,
   "spread_ft": 8,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 7,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 7,
   "bloom_last": 8,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 3,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "bottomland; old-field; understory",
   "traits": "wildlife; drought; wet-tolerant; shade; screening; salt; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": "people",
   "native_states_n": 26,
   "native_states": "AL AR FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MD MN MO MS NC NE NY OH OK PA SC SD TN TX VA WV",
   "naturalized_states": "CT DC DE MA MI NJ RI UT VT WI",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "eastern-cottonwood",
   "name": "Eastern Cottonwood",
   "botanical": "Populus deltoides",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/eastern-cottonwood/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 100,
   "spread_ft": 75,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 2,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 5,
   "fruit_last": 8,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "5 to 10",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "streambank; bottomland; swamp",
   "traits": "wildlife; drought; wet-tolerant; salt; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 60,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 116,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 43,
   "native_states": "AL AR AZ CO CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "eastern-white-pine",
   "name": "Eastern White Pine",
   "botanical": "Pinus strobus",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/eastern-white-pine/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 100,
   "spread_ft": 40,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 8,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 9,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "5 to 10 (good seed crops from 20 to 30)",
   "juglone": "sensitive",
   "habitats": "old-field; sandy; mountain; mesic-slope",
   "traits": "wildlife; evergreen; shade; screening; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 486,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 408,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 25,
   "native_states": "CT DC DE GA IA IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MN NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "AL AR MO",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "green-ash",
   "name": "Green Ash",
   "botanical": "Fraxinus pennsylvanica",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/green-ash/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 75,
   "spread_ft": 50,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 3,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "10 (flowering usually starts at 20 to 25 feet tall)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "bottomland; streambank; swamp",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; drought; wet-tolerant; shade; salt",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 125,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 250,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 39,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VA VT WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": "CO NM UT",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "highbush-blueberry",
   "name": "Highbush Blueberry",
   "botanical": "Vaccinium corymbosum",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/highbush-blueberry/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 5,
   "height_max_ft": 15,
   "spread_ft": 12,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 8,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 2,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 4,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "2 to 3 after planting (bigger harvests after 5; the Morton Arboretum gives 4 to 8 years)",
   "juglone": "sensitive",
   "habitats": "swamp; streambank; mountain; coastal",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; edible; wet-tolerant; screening; salt; winter-interest",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 29,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IL IN KY LA MA MD ME MI MS NC NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WV",
   "naturalized_states": "WA WI",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "honeylocust",
   "name": "Honeylocust",
   "botanical": "Gleditsia triacanthos",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/honeylocust/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 30,
   "height_max_ft": 80,
   "spread_ft": 80,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 2,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "about 10 (best from 25 to 75)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "bottomland; streambank; old-field; upland-dry",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; honey; drought; wet-tolerant; screening; salt; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 125,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 169,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 27,
   "native_states": "AL AR FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MD MI MN MO MS NC NE OH OK PA SC SD TN TX VA WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "AZ CA CO CT DC DE ID MA ME MT ND NH NJ NM NV NY RI UT VT WY",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "loblolly-pine",
   "name": "Loblolly Pine",
   "botanical": "Pinus taeda",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/loblolly-pine/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 40,
   "height_max_ft": 90,
   "spread_ft": 40,
   "zone_min": 6,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 2,
   "bloom_last": 4,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 12,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "12 to 18 (some cones; good crops by 25)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "old-field; bottomland; coastal; swamp",
   "traits": "wildlife; evergreen; wet-tolerant; screening; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 100,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 250,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 246,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 15,
   "native_states": "AL AR DC DE FL GA LA MD MS NC NJ OK SC TN TX VA",
   "naturalized_states": "IL KY MO OH",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "lowbush-blueberry",
   "name": "Lowbush Blueberry",
   "botanical": "Vaccinium angustifolium",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/lowbush-blueberry/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 0.5,
   "height_max_ft": 2,
   "spread_ft": 2,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 8,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 7,
   "fruit_first": 6,
   "fruit_last": 10,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": "about 4 (first flowers)",
   "juglone": "sensitive",
   "habitats": "old-field; sandy; rocky; mountain",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; edible; drought; early-bearing; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 22,
   "native_states": "CT DE IA IL IN MA MD ME MI MN NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "meadowsweet",
   "name": "Meadowsweet",
   "botanical": "Spiraea alba",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/meadowsweet/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 3,
   "height_max_ft": 6.5,
   "spread_ft": 6,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 7,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 6,
   "bloom_last": 9,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 9,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "swamp; streambank",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; wet-tolerant; shade; screening",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 27,
   "native_states": "CT DC DE GA IA IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MN MO NC ND NH NJ NY OH PA RI SD TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "northern-bush-honeysuckle",
   "name": "Northern Bush Honeysuckle",
   "botanical": "Diervilla lonicera",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/northern-bush-honeysuckle/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 2,
   "height_max_ft": 4,
   "spread_ft": 4,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 7,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 6,
   "bloom_last": 8,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 9,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "rocky; upland-dry; sandy; understory",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; drought; shade; screening; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 24,
   "native_states": "CT DE GA IA IL IN MA MD ME MI MN NC ND NH NJ NY OH PA RI TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "AL",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "oakleaf-hydrangea",
   "name": "Oakleaf Hydrangea",
   "botanical": "Hydrangea quercifolia",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/oakleaf-hydrangea/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 3,
   "height_max_ft": 12,
   "spread_ft": 10,
   "zone_min": 5,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "slow",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 7,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "mesic-slope; streambank; rocky; understory",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; drought; shade; screening; winter-interest",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": "people; dogs; cats; horses",
   "native_states_n": 7,
   "native_states": "AL FL GA LA MS SC TN",
   "naturalized_states": "DC NC",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "osage-orange",
   "name": "Osage-orange",
   "botanical": "Maclura pomifera",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/osage-orange/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 20,
   "height_max_ft": 70,
   "spread_ft": 60,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 10,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "about 10 (good crops nearly every year)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "bottomland; old-field; sandy",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; drought; screening; street-tree; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 3,
   "native_states": "AR OK TX",
   "naturalized_states": "AL CA CO CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD MI MO MS NC NE NJ NM NY OH OR PA RI SC SD TN UT VA WA WI WV",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "paper-birch",
   "name": "Paper Birch",
   "botanical": "Betula papyrifera",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/paper-birch/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 75,
   "spread_ft": 50,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 7,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "about 15 (best from 40 to 70)",
   "juglone": "sensitive",
   "habitats": "mountain; mesic-slope; swamp; upland-dry",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; wet-tolerant; salt; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 100,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 240,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 31,
   "native_states": "AK CO CT IA ID IL IN MA MD ME MI MN MT NC ND NE NH NJ NY OH OR PA RI SD TN VA VT WA WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "pitch-pine",
   "name": "Pitch Pine",
   "botanical": "Pinus rigida",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/pitch-pine/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 40,
   "height_max_ft": 80,
   "spread_ft": 50,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 7,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 12,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "8 to 12 (open-grown trees; sprouts bear at 3 to 4)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "sandy; mountain; coastal; swamp",
   "traits": "wildlife; evergreen; drought; salt",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 450,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 398,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 19,
   "native_states": "CT DC DE GA KY MA MD ME NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN VA VT WV",
   "naturalized_states": "IL IN MN",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "pumpkin-ash",
   "name": "Pumpkin Ash",
   "botanical": "Fraxinus profunda",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/pumpkin-ash/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 60,
   "height_max_ft": 85,
   "spread_ft": 50,
   "zone_min": 5,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 12,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "9 to 10 (the youngest seed-bearing ages reported)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "swamp; bottomland; coastal",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; wet-tolerant",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 21,
   "native_states": "AL AR DC DE FL GA IL IN KY LA MD MI MO MS NC NJ NY OH PA SC TN VA",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "pussy-willow",
   "name": "Pussy Willow",
   "botanical": "Salix discolor",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/pussy-willow/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 6,
   "height_max_ft": 30,
   "spread_ft": 15,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 8,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 4,
   "fruit_last": 6,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "5 to 10 (as for willow seedlings in general; most seed at 8 to 25)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "swamp; streambank",
   "traits": "flowers; wildlife; honey; wet-tolerant; screening; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 27,
   "native_states": "CO CT DE IA IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MN MO MT ND NH NJ NY OH PA RI SD VA VT WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": "MS NC",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "quaking-aspen",
   "name": "Quaking Aspen",
   "botanical": "Populus tremuloides",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/quaking-aspen/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 20,
   "height_max_ft": 82,
   "spread_ft": 30,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 6,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 5,
   "fruit_last": 6,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "10 to 20 (the minimum for large crops; some open-grown clones bear from 2 or 3)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "rocky; old-field; sandy; upland-dry",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; drought; wet-tolerant; screening; street-tree; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 70,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 226,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 213,
   "transplanting": "No",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 38,
   "native_states": "AK AZ CA CO CT IA ID IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OR PA RI SD TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": "AR DE",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "red-maple",
   "name": "Red Maple",
   "botanical": "Acer rubrum",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/red-maple/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 40,
   "height_max_ft": 90,
   "spread_ft": 50,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 4,
   "fruit_last": 7,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "4",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "swamp; bottomland; streambank; upland-dry",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; honey; edible; wet-tolerant; shade; early-bearing; screening; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 80,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 310,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 300,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": "horses; cattle",
   "native_states_n": 33,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "OR",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "scarlet-oak",
   "name": "Scarlet Oak",
   "botanical": "Quercus coccinea",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/scarlet-oak/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 40,
   "height_max_ft": 80,
   "spread_ft": 75,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": "20 (most after 50; good crops every 3 to 5 years)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "upland-dry; sandy; mountain",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; drought",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 150,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 250,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 193,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": "people; horses",
   "native_states_n": 28,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE GA IL IN KY LA MA MD ME MI MO MS NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "shortleaf-pine",
   "name": "Shortleaf Pine",
   "botanical": "Pinus echinata",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/shortleaf-pine/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 100,
   "spread_ft": 40,
   "zone_min": 6,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 4,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 12,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "about 20 (earlier seed is exceptional)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "upland-dry; rocky; old-field; coastal",
   "traits": "wildlife; evergreen; drought; screening; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 324,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 22,
   "native_states": "AL AR DC DE FL GA IL KY LA MD MO MS NC NJ NY OH OK PA SC TN TX VA WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "silver-maple",
   "name": "Silver Maple",
   "botanical": "Acer saccharinum",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/silver-maple/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 120,
   "spread_ft": 70,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 2,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 4,
   "fruit_last": 6,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "11",
   "juglone": "sensitive",
   "habitats": "bottomland; streambank; swamp; old-field",
   "traits": "wildlife; drought; wet-tolerant; shade",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 100,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 130,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 37,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC ND NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "CA NM WA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "slash-pine",
   "name": "Slash Pine",
   "botanical": "Pinus elliottii",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/slash-pine/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 75,
   "height_max_ft": 100,
   "spread_ft": 50,
   "zone_min": 7,
   "zone_max": 10,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 1,
   "bloom_last": 4,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "10 to 15 (occasionally as early as 3)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "coastal; swamp; streambank; sandy",
   "traits": "wildlife; evergreen; wet-tolerant; screening; salt; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 150,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 6,
   "native_states": "AL FL GA LA MS SC",
   "naturalized_states": "NC TX",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "smooth-sumac",
   "name": "Smooth Sumac",
   "botanical": "Rhus glabra",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/smooth-sumac/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 2,
   "height_max_ft": 20,
   "spread_ft": 15,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 7,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 2,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "3 to 4",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "old-field; upland-dry; rocky; sandy",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; honey; edible; drought; early-bearing; screening; salt; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 47,
   "native_states": "AL AR AZ CO CT DC DE FL GA IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": "CA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "snowberry",
   "name": "Snowberry",
   "botanical": "Symphoricarpos albus",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/snowberry/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 2,
   "height_max_ft": 6,
   "spread_ft": 6,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 7,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 9,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 3,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "rocky; upland-dry; streambank",
   "traits": "wildlife; drought; screening; salt; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": "people",
   "native_states_n": 29,
   "native_states": "AK CA CO CT DC IA ID IL KY MA MD MI MN MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OR SD TN VA WA WI WV WY",
   "naturalized_states": "DE IN ME MO PA RI UT VT",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "speckled-alder",
   "name": "Speckled Alder",
   "botanical": "Alnus incana subsp. rugosa",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/speckled-alder/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 15,
   "height_max_ft": 33,
   "spread_ft": 25,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 6,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 2,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": "5 to 10 (abundant crops about every 4 years)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "streambank; swamp; old-field; understory",
   "traits": "wildlife; wet-tolerant; nitrogen-fixing; winter-interest; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 20,
   "native_states": "CT IA IL IN MA MD ME MI MN ND NH NJ NY OH PA RI VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "steeplebush",
   "name": "Steeplebush",
   "botanical": "Spiraea tomentosa",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/steeplebush/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 2,
   "height_max_ft": 5,
   "spread_ft": 5,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 8,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 7,
   "bloom_last": 9,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "swamp; streambank; old-field",
   "traits": "flowers; wildlife; wet-tolerant; screening",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 29,
   "native_states": "AR CT DE GA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "OR WA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "sugar-maple",
   "name": "Sugar Maple",
   "botanical": "Acer saccharum",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/sugar-maple/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 40,
   "height_max_ft": 121,
   "spread_ft": 60,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 8,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "slow",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 12,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "22 to 40 (the earliest at 22, most trees by 40; full crops after about 60)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "mesic-slope; mountain; bottomland; streambank",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; honey; shade; winter-interest",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 300,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 500,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 330,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 32,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DE GA IA IL IN KS KY MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC ND NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SD TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "LA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "swamp-rose",
   "name": "Swamp Rose",
   "botanical": "Rosa palustris",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/swamp-rose/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 1,
   "height_max_ft": 10,
   "spread_ft": 6,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 8,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 2,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "swamp; streambank",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; wet-tolerant; screening",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 28,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MO MS NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "IA LA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "sweetfern",
   "name": "Sweetfern",
   "botanical": "Comptonia peregrina",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/sweetfern/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 1,
   "height_max_ft": 5,
   "spread_ft": 8,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 6,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "slow",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 7,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "unknown",
   "first_crop": "2 to 3 (sexual maturity)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "sandy; old-field; upland-dry",
   "traits": "wildlife; drought; nitrogen-fixing; salt; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 24,
   "native_states": "CT DC DE GA IL IN KY MA MD ME MI MN NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "sweetgum",
   "name": "Sweetgum",
   "botanical": "Liquidambar styraciflua",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/sweetgum/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 60,
   "height_max_ft": 131,
   "spread_ft": 75,
   "zone_min": 5,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": "20 to 30 (some trees have fruited 4 and 5 years after planting)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "bottomland; coastal; old-field; swamp",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; wet-tolerant; salt; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 300,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 26,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IL IN KY LA MA MD MO MS NC NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA WV",
   "naturalized_states": "CA",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "tuliptree",
   "name": "Tuliptree",
   "botanical": "Liriodendron tulipifera",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/tuliptree/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 60,
   "height_max_ft": 150,
   "spread_ft": 60,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "average",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "15 to 20 (trees as young as 9 have borne fruit)",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "mesic-slope; mountain; streambank; bottomland",
   "traits": "flowers; fall-color; wildlife; honey",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 509,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 25,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IL IN KY LA MA MD MI MO MS NC NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN VA WV",
   "naturalized_states": "IA TX VT",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "virginia-pine",
   "name": "Virginia Pine",
   "botanical": "Pinus virginiana",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/virginia-pine/",
   "form": "medium-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 15,
   "height_max_ft": 80,
   "spread_ft": 35,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 8,
   "sun": "full",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 12,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "about 5 (open-grown trees; up to 50 in dense stands)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "old-field; mountain; upland-dry",
   "traits": "wildlife; evergreen; drought",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 100,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 200,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 126,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 17,
   "native_states": "AL DC DE GA IL IN KY MD MS NC NJ NY OH PA SC TN VA WV",
   "naturalized_states": "MO",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "water-oak",
   "name": "Water Oak",
   "botanical": "Quercus nigra",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/water-oak/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 100,
   "spread_ft": 70,
   "zone_min": 6,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 11,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "partner",
   "first_crop": "about 20 (good crops in alternate years)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "bottomland; streambank; coastal; old-field",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; drought; wet-tolerant; street-tree",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": "people; horses",
   "native_states_n": 18,
   "native_states": "AL AR DC DE FL GA IL KY LA MD MO MS NC NJ OK SC TN TX VA",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "wax-myrtle",
   "name": "Wax Myrtle",
   "botanical": "Morella cerifera",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/wax-myrtle/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 6,
   "height_max_ft": 40,
   "spread_ft": 10,
   "zone_min": 7,
   "zone_max": 10,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "fast",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 3,
   "bloom_last": 6,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 2,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": null,
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "coastal; swamp; streambank; sandy",
   "traits": "wildlife; honey; evergreen; drought; wet-tolerant; screening; nitrogen-fixing; street-tree; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": "spring",
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 14,
   "native_states": "AL AR DE FL GA LA MD MS NC NJ OK SC TX VA",
   "naturalized_states": "WV",
   "introduced_states": "HI"
  },
  {
   "slug": "white-ash",
   "name": "White Ash",
   "botanical": "Fraxinus americana",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/white-ash/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 50,
   "height_max_ft": 120,
   "spread_ft": 80,
   "zone_min": 3,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average; wet",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 4,
   "bloom_last": 5,
   "fruit_first": 9,
   "fruit_last": 12,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "20",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "mesic-slope; streambank; upland-dry; bottomland",
   "traits": "fall-color",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": 260,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 300,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 198,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 35,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": "CO",
   "introduced_states": "HI"
  },
  {
   "slug": "white-spruce",
   "name": "White Spruce",
   "botanical": "Picea glauca",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/white-spruce/",
   "form": "large-tree",
   "height_min_ft": 40,
   "height_max_ft": 80,
   "spread_ft": 20,
   "zone_min": 2,
   "zone_max": 6,
   "sun": "full; part; shade",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "slow",
   "leaves": "evergreen",
   "bloom_first": 5,
   "bloom_last": 7,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 10,
   "pollen": true,
   "pollination_need": "improves",
   "first_crop": "30 or more (in quantity; cones and seed have come on planted trees of 4)",
   "juglone": "not listed",
   "habitats": "streambank; bottomland; upland-dry; old-field",
   "traits": "evergreen; drought; screening; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": "100 to 250",
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": 1000,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": 589,
   "transplanting": "Yes",
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 12,
   "native_states": "AK ID ME MI MN MT NH NY SD VT WI WY",
   "naturalized_states": "CT MA MD NJ PA RI",
   "introduced_states": null
  },
  {
   "slug": "winged-sumac",
   "name": "Winged Sumac",
   "botanical": "Rhus copallinum",
   "page": "https://bluewhaletrees.com/species/winged-sumac/",
   "form": "shrub",
   "height_min_ft": 7,
   "height_max_ft": 35,
   "spread_ft": 35,
   "zone_min": 4,
   "zone_max": 9,
   "sun": "full; part",
   "moisture": "dry; average",
   "growth": "medium",
   "leaves": "deciduous",
   "bloom_first": 7,
   "bloom_last": 8,
   "fruit_first": 8,
   "fruit_last": 2,
   "pollen": null,
   "pollination_need": "dioecious",
   "first_crop": "3 to 4",
   "juglone": "tolerant",
   "habitats": "old-field; upland-dry; rocky; sandy",
   "traits": "fall-color; wildlife; honey; drought; early-bearing; screening; erosion-control",
   "lifespan_typical_yr": null,
   "lifespan_oldest_yr": null,
   "lifespan_dated_yr": null,
   "transplanting": null,
   "planting_season": null,
   "toxic_to": null,
   "native_states_n": 34,
   "native_states": "AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MO MS NC NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WI WV",
   "naturalized_states": null,
   "introduced_states": null
  }
 ]
}